When the subjects believed that the writers freely chose positions for or against Castro, they would normally rate the people who liked Castro as having a more positive attitude towards Castro. Then they were asked to rate the pro-Castro attitudes of the writers. Subjects in an experiment read essays for and against Fidel Castro. The hypothesis was confounded by the fundamental attribution error. Jones and Harris hypothesized, based on the correspondent inference theory, that people would attribute apparently freely chosen behaviors to disposition and apparently chance-directed behaviors to situation. Other psychologists have argued that the fundamental attribution error and correspondence bias are related but independent phenomena, with the former being a common explanation for the latter. Jones wrote that he found Ross's phrase "overly provocative and somewhat misleading", and also joked: "Furthermore, I'm angry that I didn't think of it first." Some psychologists, including Daniel Gilbert, have used the phrase "correspondence bias" for the fundamental attribution error. Ross argued in a popular paper that the fundamental attribution error forms the conceptual bedrock for the field of social psychology. The phrase was coined by Lee Ross 10 years after an experiment by Edward E. She does not think it is situational e.g., He is going to miss his flight, his wife is giving birth at the hospital, his daughter is convulsing at school. Alice attributes Bob's behavior to his fundamental personality e.g., He thinks only of himself, he is selfish, he is an unskilled driver. Although personality traits and predispositions are considered to be observable facts in psychology, the fundamental attribution error is an error because it misinterprets their effects.Īs an example of the behavior which attribution error theory seeks to explain, consider the situation where Alice, a driver, is cut off in traffic by Bob. This effect has been described as "the tendency to believe that what people do reflects who they are" that is, to overattribute their behaviors to their personality and underattribute them to the situation or context. In social psychology, fundamental attribution error ( FAE), also known as correspondence bias or attribution effect, is a cognitive attribution bias where observers underemphasize situational and environmental factors for the behavior of an actor while overemphasizing dispositional or personality factors. For the legal term, see Fundamental error. This article is about the social psychology term.
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